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CN IX- XII Cheat Sheet by

Clinical relevance of CN IX-XII

CN IX

Efferent
Afferent
Stylop­har­yngeus - Pharyngeal plexus
Sensory to posterior 1/3 of tongue (taste, touch, nocice­ption + temp)
Pregan­glionic Parasy­mpa­thetic - Otic Ganglion - Parotid Gland
Eustachian tube
 
Oropharynx
 
Carotid sinus to CNS
Dysfun­ction =
Swallo­wing, loss of taste posterior 1/3 of tongue, decreased secretion of parotid gland
Almost never lesioned in isolation
Symptoms may be unnoti­ceable by the patient - overlap in innerv­ations

CN X

Efferent
Afferent
Thoracic + abdomen Viscera
External Auditory Meatus sensation (Nervus interm­edius - VII)
Motor fibres to pharynx + soft palate
Pharynx, larynx, trachea + viscera of tx + abdomen
Superior laryngeal - tensors of vocal folds
Reccurent laryngeal - adduction + abduction fold
Dysfun­ction=
Hoarseness of voice
Reduced vocal strength
Weak cough
Nasal quality of speech
Nasal regurg­itation + dysphagia - in severe cases
Pain/a­ltered sensation in EAM
Reduction in control of circul­atory system (BP + HR)
Poor digestion

CN XI

Efferent
Afferent
Traps + SCM (ipsil­ate­rally)
Possible sensory from muscles supplied from C3 & C4
Dysfun­ction =
Weakness + Difficulty turning head and with shoulder movement
May have some difficulty with swallowing
Rarely affects both Traps & SCM

CN XII

Purely motor nerve that innerv­ates:
Intrinsic muscles of the tongue
Geniog­lossus, hyoglo­ssus, stylog­lossus (extrinsic muscles of the tongue)
Geniohyoid
Dysfun­ction =
Due to the nerve running under the external portion of carotid, this nerve is affected by carotid artery disorders such as: aneurysms + dissec­tion.
Deviation + atrophy (LMNL) of the tongue - deviates towards weak side

Cond­iti­ons

Vernet's syndrome
IX, X, XI affected
Caused by a thromb­us/­lesion in lateral sinus - presses on nerves passing through jugular foramen
 
Collet Sicard Syndrome
IX, X, XI, XII affected (can affect sympat­hetic)
Caused by a lesion at jugular foramen - schwan­nom­a/other tumours
 
Villaret's
IX,X,X­I,XII + cx sympat­hetics affected ipsila­terally
Lesion at retrop­har­yge­al/­ret­rop­arotid space
 

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  • Published: 8th May, 2021

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